1).The Palomino Islets are located 2.6 km from Cavinzas Island and together they comprise a Natural Protected Area covering 5146 ha (Sernanp, 2009). On December 22nd 2015, one of the authors (BM) performed a diving excursion to the Palomino Islets which are located on Peruvian central coast, 8.9 km away from La Punta, Callao (Fig. birostris in the southeastern Pacific and its first report in the WTSP–MP and HC–LME. Therefore, the aim of this study is to report and establish the southernmost record of M. birostris have only been reported in the TEP–MP moreover, this species has not been reported in the Humboldt Current Large Marine Ecosystem (HC–LME). Peruvian waters present two marine provinces (MP) (Spalding et al., 2007 ): 1) the Tropical East Pacific (TEP–MP), characterized by the Equatorial Current and 2) the Warm Temperate Southeastern Pacific (WTSP–MP), characterized by the Humboldt Current and the associated upwelling of cold nutrient–rich waters. birostris is commonly allocated in distribution maps that extend its occurrence to southern Peruvian limits (e.g. birostris in appendices I and II.įive species of the Mobulidae family have been officially reported in northern Peru (up to 6°S): M. birostris species in appendix II while the Commission of Migratory Species (CMS) included M. Moreover, The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) included M. Therefore, the International Union of the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has assessed the conservation status of both manta ray species as vulnerable to extinction (Marshall et al., 2011, IUCN Red List). In addition, two of the most direct threats are by-catch and the high demand for its gill rakers by the Asian market (White et al., 2006). slow growth, late sexual maturation and low fecundity) of these species make them prone to overexploitation (Dulvy et al., 2008 Deakos et al., 2011). alfredi is absent from the Eastern Pacific (Couturier et al., 2012 Lawson et al., 2017). birostris is considered the more widely distributed member of the genus as it is broadly spread in the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian oceans (Marshall et al., 2009) while M. alfredi) are pelagic planktivores, the largest batoid fishes in the world (Marshall et al., 2011) and reported to occur circumglobally in tropical and temperate waters (Couturier et al., 2012). ( 2017) have updated the taxonomic arrangement of the Mobulidae family nesting the members of the genus Manta within the Mobula species. giorna by Marshall et al., 2009) was consistent with the recent publication of the potential species of Yucatán manta ray (Hinojosa-Alvarez et al., 2016). In addition to these, the putative species M. birostris) and the Coastal Manta Ray ( M. Until recently, manta rays belonged to the genus Manta which formally comprised two re-described species: the Giant Manta Ray (M. birostris in the southeastern Pacific (12°S) and the first report of this species in the Warm Temperate Southeastern Pacific Marine Province and in the Humboldt Current Large Marine Ecosystem. ![]() This represents the southernmost record of M. This sighting could be explained by the warm El Niño, primary (chl-a), and secondary (zooplankton) productivity events during that same period. In situ observations and subsequent analysis of the footage confirmed that this single mobulid was a M. On December 22nd 2015, a rare sighting of a ~4 m disc width mobulid ray was recorded as video footage near the Palomino Islets, Lima, Peru. ![]() No official reports exist from central or south Peru within the Warm Temperate Southeastern Pacific Marine Province. ![]() birostris has only been reported along the northern shore within the Tropical East Pacific Marine Province. Still, little is known about their movements and their ecological interactions (e.g. Manta rays (Mobulidae), Mobula birostris and Mobula alfredi, are widely distributed in tropical and temperate waters.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |